Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Classifications
| Type | Vaginal Bleeding | Cervical Os | U/S Findings |
|---|
| Threatened | Present (often light) | Closed | Viable IUP with fetal cardiac activity present. |
| Inevitable | Present (often heavy) | Open | IUP, may be in lower uterine segment; fetal cardiac activity may be present or absent. |
| Incomplete | Present (heavy) | Open | Retained products of conception (POC); often an empty gestational sac or thickened, irregular endometrial stripe. |
| Complete | Present, but often slowing/stopped | Closed | Empty uterus with a thin endometrial stripe; no adnexal mass. |
| Missed | Absent or scant brown discharge | Closed | No fetal cardiac activity; retained embryo/fetus without passage of tissue. |
Clinical features
Diagnostics
Treatment
Complications
- Septic abortion
- Definition: an infection of the placenta and fetus before 20 weeks’ gestation which is inevitably associated with fetal death
- Risk factors
- Pregnancy termination with retained POCs (products of conception)
- Microbiology
- Clinical presentation
- Fever, lower abdominal pain
- Malodorous, purulent cervical discharge
- Tender uterus with dilated cervix