Oligohydramnios
Epidemiology
Etiology
- Fetal anomalies
- Urethral obstruction (e.g., posterior urethral valves)
- Bilateral renal agenesis
- Maternal conditions
- Placental insufficiency
- Late or postterm pregnancies (> 42 weeks of gestation)
- Premature rupture of membranes
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Diagnostics
- Amniotic fluid index (AFI): a semiquantitative tool used to assess amniotic fluid volume (normal range: 8–18 cm)
- Oligohydramnios: ≤ 5
Complications
- Intrauterine growth restriction
- Birth complications (e.g., umbilical cord compression)