Monoclonal antibodies

Rituximab:

• Target: CD20 (B-cells)
• Use: B-cell lymphomas, CLL, rheumatoid arthritis
• AE: Infusion reactions, PML risk, infections

Alemtuzumab:

• Target: CD52 (T & B cells, etc.)
• Use: Multiple sclerosis, CLL
• AE: Infusion reactions, infections, autoimmune disorders (thyroid, ITP)

Trastuzumab (Herceptin):

• Target: HER2/neu
• Use: HER2+ breast & gastric cancer
• AE: Cardiotoxicity (heart failure)

Infliximab, Adalimumab (Anti-TNF-α):

• Target: TNF-α
• Use: Rheumatoid arthritis, IBD (Crohn's, UC), psoriasis
• AE: Reactivation of latent TB, infections

Eculizumab:

• Target: Complement C5
• Use: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), aHUS
• AE: Increased risk of Neisseria meningitidis infection (vaccinate!)

Omalizumab:

• Target: IgE
• Use: Allergic asthma, chronic idiopathic urticaria
• AE: Anaphylaxis (rare but serious)

Bevacizumab:

• Target: VEGF
• Use: Colorectal cancer, lung cancer, glioblastoma
• AE: Hemorrhage, blood clots, impaired wound healing, GI perforation

Denosumab:

• Target: RANKL
• Use: Osteoporosis, bone metastases
• AE: Hypocalcemia, osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ)

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (e.g., Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab - anti-PD-1; Ipilimumab - anti-CTLA-4):

• Target: PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4 (release brakes on T-cells)
• Use: Various cancers (melanoma, lung, kidney, etc.)
• AE: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) - colitis, hepatitis, endocrinopathies, pneumonitis