Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances in diarrhea, vomiting, and excessive sweating

Parameter	Diarrhea	Vomiting	Sweating
Primary Fluid / Ion Lost	Bicarbonate (HCO3⁻), K+	Gastric Acid (HCl), K+	Hypotonic fluid (H₂O > NaCl)
Serum K+	↓↓	↓	↔ (Normal)
Serum Na+	↓ or Normal	↓ or Normal	↑ or ↓ or Normal
Serum Cl⁻	Normal (or ↑ to compensate HCO3-)	↓↓	↑ or ↓ or Normal
Serum HCO3⁻	↓↓	↑	Normal or ↑
Primary Acid-Base Status	Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis	Hypokalemic, Hypochloremic Metabolic Alkalosis	Usually Euvolemic / No change