Infant UTI reduction: ~10-fold reduction in UTI risk during the first year of life (greatest absolute benefit in infants with known hydronephrosis/VUR).
STI transmission reduction:
HIV: Reduces female-to-male transmission by 50–60%.
HPV: ↓ acquisition and clearance duration (also lowers cervical CA risk in female partners).
HSV-2: ↓ acquisition risk by ~30%.
Note: No proven reduction in transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Oncology: Significant reduction in lifetime risk of penile SCC (partially mediated by ↓ chronic inflammation, ↓ phimosis, and ↓ HPV).
Penile conditions: Eliminates risk of phimosis, paraphimosis, and dramatically decreases balanoposthitis.
Risks & Adverse Events
Overall complication rate is low (~0.2–0.5% in neonates).
Minor bleeding, localized infection, surgical trauma, cosmetic dissatisfaction.