Epidemiology & Risk Factors
Virchow’s Triad
- Hypercoagulability: increased platelet adhesion, thrombophilia (e.g., factor V Leiden mutation), use of oral contraceptives, pregnancy, malignancy c
- Endothelial damage: Inflammatory or traumatic vessel injuries can lead to activation of clotting factors through contact with exposed subendothelial collagen.
- Venous stasis: varicosis, external pressure on the extremity, immobilization (e.g., hospitalization, bed rest, long flights or bus rides), local application of heat