Bladder injuries
| Category | Extraperitoneal Bladder Rupture | Intraperitoneal Bladder Rupture |
|---|
| Site of Injury | Mostly in the neck, anterior bladder wall | Mostly in the bladder dome (superior, lateral walls) |
| Associated Injuries | Often accompanied by pelvic fractures | Sometimes spontaneous bladder rupture |
| Peritoneal Damage | Bladder wall rupture, intact peritoneum | Bladder wall rupture communicating with the peritoneal cavity |
| Urinary Leakage Site | Perivesical tissue, space behind the pubic bone | Intraperitoneal |
| Main Clinical Symptoms | Lower abdominal pain, pressure pain, muscle tension | Full abdominal pain, rebound tenderness, muscle tension, shifting dullness |
| Treatment | Extraperitoneal drainage, removal of leaked urine, repair of bladder perforation if necessary | Exploratory laparotomy, repair of peritoneum and bladder wall, extraperitoneal catheter drainage above pubic bone |