| Injury Type | Key Drugs | Key Urinalysis Finding | Key Feature / Buzzword |
|---|
| Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) | Aminoglycosides, Contrast | Muddy Brown Casts | Direct Toxicity / Ischemia |
| Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) | Penicillins, NSAIDs, PPIs, Sulfa | WBC Casts, Eosinophiluria | Hypersensitivity (Fever, Rash, Eosinophils) |
| Hemodynamic AKI | NSAIDs, ACE Inhibitors / ARBs | Bland | ↓ GFR (Afferent/Efferent Effects) |
| Crystal Nephropathy | Acyclovir (IV), Sulfonamides, MTX | Drug Crystals | Obstruction |
| Chronic Interstitial Nephritis | Lithium, Calcineurin Inhibitors | Often Bland | Fibrosis, Long-term use, NDI (Lithium) |
| Renal Papillary Necrosis | NSAIDs (Chronic Abuse) | Hematuria, Sloughed Tissue | Ischemia / Toxicity of Papillae |
| Glomerular Disease | NSAIDs, Penicillamine | Heavy Proteinuria (>3.5 g/d) | Nephrotic Syndrome (MCD / Membranous) |