| Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) |
Aminoglycosides, Contrast |
Muddy Brown Casts |
Direct Toxicity / Ischemia |
| Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) |
Penicillins, NSAIDs, PPIs, Sulfa |
WBC Casts, Eosinophiluria |
Hypersensitivity (Fever, Rash, Eosinophils) |
| Hemodynamic AKI |
NSAIDs, ACE Inhibitors / ARBs |
Bland |
↓ GFR (Afferent/Efferent Effects) |
| Crystal Nephropathy |
Acyclovir (IV), Sulfonamides, MTX |
Drug Crystals |
Obstruction |
| Chronic Interstitial Nephritis |
Lithium, Calcineurin Inhibitors |
Often Bland |
Fibrosis, Long-term use, NDI (Lithium) |
| Renal Papillary Necrosis |
NSAIDs (Chronic Abuse) |
Hematuria, Sloughed Tissue |
Ischemia / Toxicity of Papillae |
| Glomerular Disease |
NSAIDs, Penicillamine |
Heavy Proteinuria (>3.5 g/d) |
Nephrotic Syndrome (MCD / Membranous) |