• 骨髓(招募中心和兵工厂): 为整个防御网络创造所有新兵(免疫细胞)。
  • 胸腺(精英训练学院): 一所专门的学校,其中一类士兵(T细胞)在此接受训练,以区分敌我。
  • 外周组织(边境巡逻): 国家边境,哨兵提供第一道防线并报告任何入侵。
  • 淋巴结(地区军事基地): 分析边境报告、制定作战计划以及激活专门部队(T细胞和B细胞)以执行有针对性任务的总部。
  • 外周血(高速公路系统): 用于将部队和武器从基地运往冲突地区的运输网络。
  • 脾脏(中央安全检查站): 监测主要高速公路(血流)上的重大威胁的情报总部,并清除老旧、损坏的车辆(衰老的红细胞)。
FeatureThymusLymph NodesSpleen
FunctionT-cell Maturation & education
(Primary lymphoid organ)
Filters Lymph; site of B & T cell activation against lymph-borne antigens
(Secondary lymphoid organ)
Filters Blood; removes old RBCs & mounts immune response to blood-borne pathogens.
(Secondary lymphoid organ)
Key ZonesCortex: Immature T-cells
Medulla: Mature T-cells, Hassall’s corpuscles
Follicle (Cortex): B-cells
Paracortex: T-cells, high endothelial venules
Medulla: Plasma cells & macrophages
White Pulp: Lymphoid tissue (T-cells in PALS, B-cells in follicles)
Red Pulp: Venous sinuses & macrophages; filters blood
Input/OutputBlood brings precursors; mature T-cells exit via blood/efferents.
No afferent lymphatics.
Many Afferent lymphatics enter; one Efferent lymphatic exits at hilum.Splenic Artery (blood in) →
Splenic Vein (blood out).
Key PathologyDiGeorge Syndrome (aplasia)
Myasthenia Gravis (thymoma/hyperplasia)
Painful lymphadenopathy (acute infection)
Painless, fixed lymphadenopathy (malignancy)
Asplenia/Splenectomy: ↑ Risk from encapsulated bacteria (S. pneumo, H. flu, N. meningitidis)