- Etiology
- Organophosphates: Insecticides (e.g., malathion, parathion) and nerve agents (e.g., sarin, VX).
- Lipophilic, easily absorbed through skin/lungs.
- Irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
- Carbamates: Insecticides (e.g., physostigmine, neostigmine).
- Reversibly inhibit AChE.
- Mushrooms: Inocybe and Clitocybe species (muscarine toxicity).
- Organophosphates: Insecticides (e.g., malathion, parathion) and nerve agents (e.g., sarin, VX).
- Clinical features
- Garlic breath odor (specific to arsenic and some organophosphates).
Mnemonic
有机磷农药中毒表现：四流一小心率慢；全身肌肉时时颤。四流：流汗、流涎、大小便失禁。一小：瞳孔缩小。