Pathophysiology/Etiology

• Myopia is a refractive error where light focuses in front of the retina instead of directly on it, causing distant objects to appear blurry.
• Axial Myopia (most common): The eyeball has an excessive axial length (it's too long). A 1 mm increase in length equals about a -3 diopter (D) change.
• Refractive Myopia: The refractive power of the cornea or lens is too strong for the eye's axial length.
• Etiology: A combination of genetic predisposition (high heritability) and environmental factors (e.g., prolonged near-work, less time spent outdoors).