Epidemiology

Etiology

Risk factor

• Diabetes mellitus

Etiology by source

• Biliary tract: most commonly identified cause (24–60%)
  • Choledocholithiasis
• Hepatic artery (∼ 10%)
  • Bacteremia or sepsis, e.g., due to infective endocarditis or IV line infection
• Portal vein (∼ 7%)
  • Inflammatory bowel disease, most commonly Crohn disease

Common pathogens

• Often polymicrobial
• Most commonly isolated organisms
  • E. coli
  • Staphylococcus aureus
    • As S. aureus is a skin commensal, it can cause infection in IV drug users, after percutaneous chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma, or after penetrating hepatic injury.

Pathophysiology

Clinical features

Diagnostics

Treatment