Epidemiology

Etiology

• Risk factors for anal cancer
  • HPV infection (especially types 16 and 18), e.g., individuals with condylomata acuminata
  • Immunosuppression, e.g., HIV, recipient of solid organ transplant
  • Receptive anal intercourse

Pathophysiology

Clinical features

• Rectal bleeding (most significant initial symptom)
• Anal pruritus
• A lump or tumor around the anus
• Tenderness and/or pain in the anal area

Diagnostics

Pathology

• Histology: primarily squamous cell carcinoma; rarely adenocarcinoma or other nonepidermoid cancers
• Location
  • Above the anal verge: anal canal tumors
  • Below the anal verge: anal margin tumors

Treatment