- Macronutrient Energy Values (The “4-4-9-7” Rule)
- Essential for calculating total caloric intake from dietary history.
- Carbohydrates: 4 kcal/g
- Proteins: 4 kcal/g
- Fats: 9 kcal/g (Highest energy density)
- Alcohol (Ethanol): 7 kcal/g (Common source of “empty” calories in vignettes)