The five conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:
- No mutation: New alleles are not generated, nor are alleles changed.
- Random mating: Individuals mate without any preference for particular genotypes.
- No natural selection: All genotypes have equal survival and reproductive rates.
- A large population size: This prevents random changes in allele frequencies due to chance (genetic drift).
- No gene flow: There is no migration of individuals into or out of the population.